They were done at Cornell. (See the FHL Archives for how to do that.) In the past we have had two ferrets who had such high titers that they were possibly at risk of an anaphylactic reaction if they had been vaccinated. We've also had one whose titers levels always fell below 32 after only a year. We vaccinate if the number is below 64. Pivot who is 4 years old was 512, last CD vaccine June, 2008 Orville who is going on 3 was 384, last CD vaccine September, 2010 Ariane who is only a year old was 256, last vaccine September 2011 We swear by doing titers to keep ferrets safe. I've seen CDV in a dog and in a raccoon and have seen rabies in a small brown bat. All are among the types of animals I have worked with in the past, so seeing individuals in those species suddenly going insane was horribly heartbreaking for me. Vaccines are great for saving lives, but when it is possible and legal we prefer going with titers to see if they are needed on a given year. Given our ages and that we make sure to only have enough ferrets in the family for us to be able to afford extensive veterinary care for each and to afford the time needed, we now only have three ferrets and that is good number for us at this point in time. Over the past three decades we have certainly had more ferrets most years and even used to purposely take in ones with serious deformations who needed extreme amounts of time. Others will have to do that now. Also, many thanks to Jassmine who helped ferret health with her comment in <http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=researchers-ferret-out-reasons-for-12-03-26> [P.S.] I've had a request for the links to get the titers done. See: http://ferrethealth.org/archive/FHL14195 The specimens were sent directly, not through another lab. Sukie (not a vet) Recommended ferret health links: http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/ferrethealth/ http://ferrethealth.org/archive/ http://www.miamiferret.org/ http://www.ferrethealth.msu.edu/ http://www.ferretcongress.org/ http://www.trifl.org/index.shtml http://homepage.mac.com/sukie/sukiesferretlinks.html all ferret topics: http://listserv.ferretmailinglist.org/archives/ferret-search.html "All hail the procrastinators for they shall rule the world tomorrow." (2010, Steve Crandall) On change for its own sake: "You can go really fast if you just jump off the cliff." (2010, Steve Crandall) [Posted in FML 7379]