updated - sheesh, I forgot hind end weakness as part of the signs of kidney disease. Duh. Some things I've learned through the death of my precious Furrari. We have to be smarter than the vets. Period. If you want to know why they're doing something, ask. If you think they should be doing something, tell them. It's your pet. Just like doctors, vets don't know everything, and they certainly don't know everything about ferrets. Don't be afraid to ask or say something. Your pet's life is in your hands. We're all continually learning about them. If your ferret has diarrhea for more than one day, it needs to be seen by a vet. The ferret will be dehydrated from diarrhea and this can cause other problems. If your ferret has diarrhea for more than two days, consider it an emergency situation and get it to a vet no matter what. There won't be diarrhea on a third day because the ferret will be so dehydrated. If your ferret has had diarrhea or is dehydrated, insist that the vet sub-q with fluids if they are not planning to. A ferret over three years old is considered geriatric and should be seen by a vet for an annual check up and blood work up. A ferret over four years old is considered old and should definitely be seen by a vet for an annual check up and blood work up. A ferret over three years old and/or with kidney problems should be fed a diet with decreased protein - not too low, but lower than 40%. Totally Ferret makes a geriatric ferret food. Signs of kidney disease include: Hind end weakness Depression and lethargy Ulcers in the mouth Weakness Increased drinking and urination Drinking urine Urinating outside the litter box / newspaper area Loss of weight and appetite Dehydration Grinding / gnashing teeth (from pain or discomfort) Frequent swallowing Diarrhea Vomiting Fever (increased color in ears, feet, nose, mouth or skin) Poor dental health Common causes of kidney disease include: Bacterial infections (such as E-Coli) Diets too high in protein as the ferret gets older Poisoning (such as ibuprofen toxicity) Presence of other disease (adrenal, insulinoma, sarcoma), which stress the kidneys over the lifetime or can spread to the kidneys (cancer) Allergic reactions or sensitivities to medications (like anesthesia) Old age Trauma or infection involving kidney tissue dehydration Excellent article on renal failure: http://www.miamiferret.org/fhc/renal.htm [Posted in FML 5955]