http://www.smartgroups.com/message/readmessage.cfm?gid=1423922&messageid=2045 I generally take most diagnosis of clostridiosis with a grain of salt. Many are made on the basis of fecal exams, and normal animals have lots of clostridia. There are two ways to properly diagnose this condition: 1) demonstration of the toxin in the stool 2) biopsy or autopsy specimens showing the organsima and characteristic necrosis in the affected gut. True clostridiosis is a very severe disease, and rapidly results in death in most animals. With kindest regards, Bruce Williams, DVM [Posted in FML issue 3954]