Yes, the vaccine changed from a chick embryo culture to a simian cell culture. The note was intended to encourage Tracey to check on which vaccine is being used by the vet before believing it was necessarily a dangerous vaccine and to complete the information she might offer for his consideration. If it did that, then I'm happy. >"...the abstract quoted <snip> doesn't mean that it is guaranteed to be >effective and safe in ferrets..." I never said it did, only offered it as an information point for individuals to make their own decisions. But neither is there proof that Galaxy-D is dangerous or ineffective. Weren't or aren't some distemper vaccines based on ferret tissues? Those would then seem to me to be poor choices for vaccinating ferrets without significant study proving safety. At least with Galaxy there is an empirical history of safety. In case anyone cares to know more about the personal background/bias from which I have decided that Galaxy-D is a reasonable vaccine choice, I have used Fervac, Galaxy, and Fromm-D for my ferrets (all vet administered by the same vet). I currently have one ferret vaccinated with Fervac and the other with Galaxy. Debra in Fort Worth [Posted in FML issue 3396]